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. 2016 Dec 2;10:552. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00552

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Copyright © 2016 Raffa, Bährend, Schneider, Faust, Germanò, Vajkoczy and Picht.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lateral view of all language fascicles in a case of a left frontal anaplastic astrocytoma obtained through (A) standard, (B) nTMS-based “all-spots”, and (C) “single-spot” DTI-FT. The spatial relationship between AF (purple), UF (orange), IFOF (red), ILF (light yellow), tumor (light red) and nTMS spots (yellow) is showed. Additional fibers are depicted in green for the “all-spot” and in light blue for the “single-spot” strategy. (D) 3D reconstruction of the language cortico-subcortical network by using the standard, and (E) the nTMS-based “single-spot” DTI-FT. Additional fibers connecting fascicles to cortical nTMS spots are highlighted (light blue fibers, red arrows).