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. 2016 Nov 25;11:6307–6324. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S119520

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© 2016 Liu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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The cytological results on different surfaces.

Notes: (A) Early adhesion: A1, stained nuclei of rat osteoblasts adhered to NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces; A2, early adhesion rate of rat osteoblasts on NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces at 1, 2, and 6 h after seeding. 12.6× magnification. (B) Proliferation of rat osteoblasts on NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces at 1, 2, and 3 days after seeding. (C) ALP activity of rat osteoblasts on NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces at 1, 2, and 3 days after seeding. (D) OC concentration of rat osteoblasts on NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces at 3, 7, and 14 days after seeding. (E) Western blots of BMP-2 protein expression: E1, Western blots of BMP-2 protein expression in rat osteoblasts after 48 h of culture on NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces, the β-Actin band served as the calibration band; E2, the relative intensity of BMP-2 expression after 48 h of culture on NT-SVTCPM, NT-SVPM, NT, and PT surfaces. Data in (A), (B), (C), and (D) are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n=4). Data in (E) are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n=3), *P<0.05 indicates significance vs PT, ⁺P<0.05 indicates significance.

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; NT, uncoated TNTs; NT-SVPM, TNTs loaded with SV-loaded PECL micelles; NT-SVTCPM, TNTs loaded with SV-loaded TC-grafted PECL micelles; OC, osteocalcin; OD, optical density; PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone); PECL, PEG–PCL; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); PT, polished Ti; SV, simvastatin; TC, tetracycline; Ti, titanium.