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(A) Mean time from initial contact of the two membranes until crossing of the hydration barrier (gray), between dehydration and hemifusion (green), or one-step full fusion (blue) and between hemifusion and consecutive full fusion (orange) as a function of applied force. Error bars indicate the SEM. (B) Histograms of the lifetimes of the three respective fusion intermediates fitted with a monoexponential decay. (C) Illustration of the fusion pathways found in our experiments.
