Table 2. Relative contraindications to robotic mitral valve surgery.

Previous sternotomy

Moderate pulmonary dysfunction

Asymptomatic CAD (treated)

Coronary artery disease—requiring PCI

Limited peripheral vascular disease

Asymptomatic CVD

Poor left ventricular function (EF <30%)

Pulmonary hypertension (variable >60 torr)

Mild to moderate aortic stenosis or insufficiency

Moderate annular calcification

EF, ejection fraction; CAD, coronary artery disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CVD, cerebrovascular disease.