Table 3.
Developmental changes and nap timing differences in sleep variables. One-way repeated-measures (RM) analyses of variance (ANOVAs) (significance indicated in bold type) performed for the afternoon (AN) and evening nap (EN) at ages 2 years (2 Y), 3 years (3 Y) and 5 years (5 Y) with only subjects with complete data (i.e. fell asleep during all nap conditions at all ages; n = 5). Nap timing differences were examined between all naps at 2 Y (n = 7) and 3Y (n = 8)
| Developmental changes (2 Y, 3 Y, 5 Y)
|
Nap condition differences (MN, AN, EN)
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afternoon nap (n = 5)
|
Evening nap (n = 5)
|
2 Y (n = 7)
|
3 Y (n = 8)
|
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| F | η2 | P | PH | F | η2 | P | PH | F | η2 | P | PH | F | η2 | P | PH | |
| Time in bed (min) | 8.1 | 0.30 | 0.012 | 2–3 Y 3–5 Y 2–5 Y |
1.0 | 0.20 | 0.423 | – | 5.0 | 0.26 | 0.027 | AN–EN | 5.8 | 0.41 | 0.018 | MN–EN |
| Sleep duration (min) | 7.1 | 0.30 | 0.017 | 2–3 Y 3–5 Y |
1.8 | 0.30 | 0.247 | – | 5.2 | 0.23 | 0.024 | AN–EN | 2.4 | 0.18 | 0.131 | – |
| Sleep latency (min) | 0.7 | 0.04 | 0.532 | – | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.940 | – | 5.2 | 0.19 | 0.024 | MN–AN AN–EN |
8.9 | 0.31 | 0.004 | MN–AN MN–EN |
| SWS latency (min) | 0.5 | 0.04 | 0.631 | – | 1.6 | 0.20 | 0.273 | – | 3.4 | 0.16 | 0.066 | – | 7.1 | 0.24 | 0.009 | MN–EN |
| Stage 2 (min) | 3.8 | 0.40 | 0.069 | 3–5 Y | 5.5 | 0.48 | 0.044 | NS | 5.2 | 0.18 | 0.023 | AN–EN | 4.9 | 0.30 | 0.028 | AN–EN MN–EN |
| Stage 2 (%) | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.913 | – | 7.5 | 0.30 | 0.023 | 2–5 Y | 3.1 | 0.19 | 0.080 | – | 7.6 | 0.27 | 0.007 | MN–EN |
| SWS (min) | 9.9 | 0.17 | 0.007 | 3–5 Y 2–5 Y |
0.4 | 0.05 | 0.705 | – | 3.6 | 0.27 | 0.060 | – | 5.1 | 0.26 | 0.025 | NS |
| SWS (%) | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.776 | – | 1.1 | 0.19 | 0.405 | – | 4.0 | 0.17 | 0.048 | AN–EN | 7.8 | 0.39 | 0.007 | MN–EN AN–EN |
SWS, slow wave sleep; NS, not significant.
Significant post-hoc (PH) paired t-tests denoted by condition.