Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and disease severity across four symptom classes
| Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample | Low-Phys/Low-Psych | Low-Phys/Mod-Psych | High-Phys/Mod-Psych | High-Phys/High-Psych | ||
| Variables | n = 302 | (n = 80) | (n = 55) | (n = 77) | (n = 90) | |
| Socio-Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 68 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 | 68 ± 8 | 68 ± 8 | 64 ± 8 | <.001‡†§°∞ |
| Females | 59 (20%) | 8 (10%) | 10 (18%) | 16 (21%) | 25 (28%) | .04§ |
| Education, some college+ | 234 (77%) | 54 (68%) | 48 (87%) | 62 (81%) | 70 (78%) | .05 |
| Income, > $20,000/year | 184 (62%) | 22 (29%) | 16 (29%) | 34 (44%) | 43 (48%) | .02 |
| Live with others | 223 (74%) | 61 (76%) | 39 (71%) | 57 (74%) | 66 (73%) | .92 |
| Currently smoking | 86 (28%) | 17 (21%) | 19 (35%) | 24 (31%) | 26 (29%) | .35 |
| Disease Severity/Burden | ||||||
| 6-min walk test (feet) | 1085 ± 371 | 1136 ± 370 | 1196 ± 310 | 984 ± 344 | 1061 ± 407 | .005∫ |
| FEV1% predicted | 45.0 ± 15.8 | 48.1 ± 18.0 | 45.3 ± 14.6 | 42.0 ± 13.3 | 44.4 ± 16.2 | .12 |
| O2 supplementation | 100 (33%) | 18 (23%) | 11 (20%) | 33 (43%) | 38 (42%) | .002†§∫° |
| Number of co-morbidities | .39 | |||||
| 0 | 139 (46%) | 37 (46%) | 27 (49%) | 30 (39%) | 45 (50%) | |
| 1 | 96 (32%) | 30 (38%) | 14 (25%) | 25 (32%) | 27 (30%) | |
| 2 or more | 67 (22%) | 13 (16%) | 14 (25%) | 22 (29%) | 18 (20%) | |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 28.2 ± 6.1 | 27.8 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 5.1 | 29.5 ± 6.5 | 27.9 ± 7.1 | .15 |
| Physical Symptoms | ||||||
| Dyspnea, SOBQ (↓0–120) | 42.4 ± 22.7 | 30.8 ± 18.2 | 22.1 ± 11.7 | 58.4 ± 16.8 | 51.5 ± 21.3 | <.001‡†§∫° |
| Fatigue, CRQ (4–28↑) | 15.8 ± 4.8 | 20.0 ± 3.6 | 19.2 ± 2.7 | 13.2 ± 3.1 | 12.3 ± 3.7 | <.001†§∫° |
| Pain, SF-36 (0–100↑) | 61.8 ± 24.3 | 74.2 ± 22.1 | 75.3 ± 22.7 | 52.1 ± 19.4 | 50.8 ± 21.7 | <.001†§∫° |
| Psychological Symptoms | ||||||
| Anxiety, HAD-A (↓0–21) | 5.0 ± 3.9 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 2.5 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 8.9 ± 3.6 | <.001‡†§°∞ |
| Depression, HAD-D (↓0–21) | 4.2 ± 4.1 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 9.4 ± 2.8 | <.001‡†§°∞ |
| Depression history | <.001†§ | |||||
| None | 101 (33%) | 45 (56%) | 19 (35%) | 23 (30%) | 14 (16%) | |
| First episode < = 40 y/o | 137 (45%) | 23 (29%) | 25 (45%) | 35 (45%) | 54 (60%) | |
| First episode > 40 y/o | 64 (21%) | 12 (15%) | 11 (20%) | 19 (25%) | 22 (24%) | |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or n(%); Phys = Physical Symptoms; Psych = Psychological Symptoms; Mod: Moderate. SOBQ = Shortness of Breath Questionnaire; CRQ = Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; SF-36 = Short Form Health Survey Pain Scale; HAD-D = Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale; HAD-A = Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale; score ranges with arrows indicating direction of better scores. Post-hoc pairwise contrasts, p < .05: ‡Class1 vs. Class2, †Class 1 vs. Class 3, §Class 1 vs. Class 4, ∫Class 2 vs. Class 3, °Class 2 vs. Class 4, ∞Class 3 vs. Class 4