Table 2.
Market concentration in ultra-processed food categories in selected Asian markets, 2013 and change (%) since 2004
| Country | Biscuits | Carbonat. soft drinks | Confectionary | Oils & Fats | Ready Meals | Sweet & Sav. Snacks | Packaged Food | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
CR4 | 2004-13 ∆ (%) |
||
| H-IC | AUS | 86.3 | 11.6 | 92.6 | 0.5 | 72.8 | 6.9 | 19.7 | 9.4 | 55.2 | 39.6 | 59.6 | 11.8 | 72.1 | 0.1 |
| JPN | 46.2 | 3.4 | 78.5 | 8.6 | 44.6 | −2.2 | 19.5 | 9.9 | 58.2 | 11.8 | 81.6 | 0.3 | 41.4 | 24.8 | |
| KOR | 92.8 | 2.7 | 96.8 | 6.0 | 66.4 | −8.7 | 25.8 | 4.5 | 78.9 | 8.8 | 72.0 | 11.7 | 62.8 | −6.4 | |
| NZL | 87.0 | 0.6 | 90.0 | 1.2 | 76.4 | 13.0 | 40.7 | 17.9 | 81.7 | 62.8 | 48.0 | 3.5 | 63.6 | 1.5 | |
| SGP | 66.0 | 13.6 | 95.4 | 5.6 | 42.1 | 21.7 | 22.3 | 2.3 | 61.0 | 5.2 | 54.8 | −1.4 | 39.8 | 8.4 | |
| U-MIC | CHN | 30.2 | 23.3 | 95.3 | 2.4 | 31.4 | 139.7 | 20.9 | 34.8 | 71.0 | 13.4 | 70.1 | 85.5 | 29.4 | 57.2 |
| MYS | 60.3 | 22.3 | 95.2 | 3.3 | 52.0 | 30.7 | 24.0 | −2.0 | 45.2 | −9.4 | 64.1 | 2.0 | 38.3 | 11.3 | |
| THA | 62.3 | 9.9 | 91.9 | −3.4 | 50.6 | 26.2 | 17.9 | 2.3 | 56.7 | −0.9 | 73.7 | 12.5 | 48.5 | 1.9 | |
| L-MIC | IDN | 61.8 | 36.4 | 97.9 | 4.0 | 54.1 | 30.4 | 62.8 | 9.2 | 85.8 | 5.4 | 91.5 | 2.3 | 46.9 | 10.9 |
| IND | 85.4 | 6.1 | 96.4 | −1.1 | 71.6 | 9.8 | 25.0 | −3.1 | 42.3 | 14.9 | 71.1 | 3.9 | 74.3 | −2.0 | |
| PHL | 76.4 | 16.3 | 98.3 | 7.5 | 55.4 | 31.0 | 20.7 | 1.5 | 76.9 | 1.1 | 82.4 | 6.6 | 57.5 | 2.3 | |
| VNM | 59.7 | 24.1 | 90.3 | 0.9 | 61.7 | 20.7 | 31.6 | 6.4 | 66.4 | 5.7 | 70.9 | 44.7 | 34.3 | 14.7 | |
| Average | 67.9 | 14.2 | 93.2 | 3.0 | 56.6 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 7.8 | 64.9 | 13.2 | 70.0 | 15.3 | 50.7 | 10.4 | |
Footnotes: CR4 four firm concentration ratio, a measure of market power with higher values indicating more concentrated markets, H-IC high-income countries, U-MIC upper-middle income countries, L-MIC lower-middle income countries, Cabonat. Caronbated, Sav. Savoury, see Methods section for country abbreviations; data from [24]