. 2016 Dec 1;4:e2730. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2730

Table 4. Summary of available growth estimates for lionfish in the invaded range.

Von Bertalanffy growth parameters (L_∞, k, t₀), estimated size at age at 1, 2 and 3 years ( ${\bar{L}}_{1}, {\bar{L}}_{2}, {\bar{L}}_{3}$ ), observed maximum size (L_max) and age (L_a), and method of estimation for available studies of lionfish growth in the invaded and native range.

Location	Sex	L_∞	K	t₀	${\bar{L}}_{1}$	${\bar{L}}_{2}$	${\bar{L}}_{3}$	L_max	A_max	Method	Temp (°C)^a	Reference
Atlantic Ocean
North Carolina	Combined	455	0.32	−1.22	231	293	337	464	8.0	Otoliths	22.1	Potts, Berrane & Morris Jr (2010)
North Carolina	Combined	425	0.47	−0.50^b	169	265	325	464	8.0	Otoliths	22.1	Barbour et al. (2011)^b
Northeast Florida	Combined	448	0.47	0.00^b	168	273	339	448	3.3^c	Length-based	21.4	Present study
Gulf of Mexico
Northeast	Combined^d	393	0.54	−0.08	174	265	319	434^e	4.5	Otoliths	21.8	Fogg et al. (2015)
West	Combined^d	389	0.54	−0.34	200	279	325	434^e	4.0	Otoliths	21.7	Fogg et al. (2015)
Southeast	Combined^d	429	0.57	−0.16	208	304	358	434^e	4.5	Otoliths	25.1	Fogg et al. (2015)
Yucatan	Combined	420	0.88	0.11	228	340	387	389	n/a	Length-based	29.3	Rodríguez-Cortés, Aguilar-Perera & Bonilla-Gómez (2015)
Florida Keys
Key Largo	Combined	411	0.70	0.00^b	207	310	361	452	n/a	Length-based	26.3	Swenarton, Johnson & Akins (2014)
Caribbean Sea
Little Cayman	Female	286	0.57	−1.01^b	195	235	257	333	3.0	Otoliths	30.0	Edwards, Frazer & Jacoby (2014)
Little Cayman	Male	382	0.38	−1.01^b	204	260	299	391	5.0	Otoliths	30.0	Edwards, Frazer & Jacoby (2014)
Little Cayman	Combined^f	349	0.42	−1.01^b	199	250	284	391	5.0	Otoliths	30.0	Edwards, Frazer & Jacoby (2014)
Caymans/ Bahamas	Combined	322	1.48	−0.07^b	256	307	319	n/a	n/a	Tagging	29.7/28.7	Pusack et al. (2016)
Indo-Pacific
Philippines/ Marianas	Combined	225	1.62	−0.07^b	175	215	223	n/a	n/a	Tagging	30.2/28.1	Pusack et al. (2016)
	$\bar{x}$ ^g	404.1	0.64	−0.33	204.0	288.6	335.4	429.7	4.9
	σ	42.2	0.33	0.45	28.9	27.2	28.4	32.2	1.6
	CV	10.4	52.2	138.7	14.1	9.4	8.5	7.5	33.4

Notes.

Average temperatures represent regional long-term annual averages and do not reflect conditions at study locations at the time they were conducted.

Parameter value was fixed during growth curve fitting.

Re-analysis of data obtained from Potts, Berrane & Morris Jr (2010).

Maximum age adjusted for interval between estimated birth date and first annulus.

L_max was not reported on a site-specific basis in Fogg et al. (2015) and represents combined data for all regions.

The estimates reflect combined data from both sexes from Edwards, Frazer & Jacoby (2014).

Values include combined data from the invaded range and only independent estimates (e.g., A_max from Potts, Berrane & Morris Jr, 2010 and Barbour et al., 2011 is only included once because they use the same data set).