Table 3.
Multivariable analysis of risk factors for marijuana trajectory group membership among all men (N = 3658)†
| Characteristics | Abstainer (n = 2380) AOR 95 % CI |
Decreasers (n = 483) AOR 95 % CI |
Increasers (n = 425) AOR 95 % CI |
Chronic high (n = 370) AOR 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, per year increase | Reference | 0.96 (0.95–0.98)*** | 0.96 (0.95–0.98)*** | 0.95 (0.94–0.97)*** |
| Race (vs. White, non-Hispanic) | ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | Reference | 1.42 (1.01–1.98)* | 1.43 (1.00–2.06)* | 1.01 (0.68–1.51) |
| Other | Reference | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | 0.62 (0.39–0.98)** | 0.75 (0.48–1.18) |
| Education (vs. HSD or Less) | ||||
| Some college or college degree | Reference | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) | 0.86 (0.62–1.18) | 0.94 (0.68–1.30) |
| Graduate work or more | Reference | 0.61 (0.44–0.87)*** | 0.85 (0.60–1.21) | 0.61 (0.41–0.89)*** |
| Unemployed | Reference | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) | 1.14 (0.77–1.69) | 1.17 (0.79–1.74) |
| Study center (vs. Los Angeles) | ||||
| Baltimore/Washington DC | Reference | 0.66 (0.50–0.88)*** | 0.74 (0.55–0.99)* | 0.53 (0.38–0.75)*** |
| Chicago | Reference | 0.81 (0.61–1.09) | 0.72 (0.52–0.99)* | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) |
| Pittsburgh | Reference | 0.60 (0.44–0.82)*** | 0.57 (0.41–0.79)* | 0.78 (0.57–1.07) |
| Study enrollment (vs. Pre 2001) | ||||
| Post-2001 | Reference | 0.99 (0.74–1.38) | 0.81 (0.56–1.17) | 0.74 (0.51–1.08) |
| HIV-Serostatus (vs. HIV−) | ||||
| HIV+ | Reference | 1.61 (1.27–2.05)*** | 1.63 (1.26–2.12)*** | 1.72 (1.32–2.23)*** |
| Lost to follow up | Reference | 1.01 (0.78–1.28) | 1.66 (1.28–2.17)*** | 0.82 (0.63–1.08) |
| Died | Reference | 1.24 (0.90–1.69) | 2.22 (1.60–3.07)*** | 1.22 (0.88–1.71) |
|
Time-Varying Covariates Influencing Trajectory of Marijuana Use Within Each Trajectory Among All Men (N=3,658)† Trajectory-specific growth parameters (95% CI) | ||||
| Depression (CES-D ≥ 16) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02)* | 0.06 (0.03–0.09)** | (0.01 (−0.02–0.05) | 0.13 (0.10–0.17)*** |
| Low/moderate alcohol use | 0.08 (0.07–0.10)** | 0.69 (0.64–0.73)*** | 0.72 (0.67–0.77)*** | 0.24 (0.19–0.29)*** |
| Hazardous alcohol usea | 0.16 (0.14–0.19)** | 0.81 (0.76–0.86)*** | 0.83 (0.76–0.89)*** | 0.25 (0.20–0.31)*** |
| Current Smoker | 0.07 (0.05–0.08)* | 0.29 (0.26–0.33)*** | 0.25 (0.21–0.29)*** | 0.21 (0.18–0.24)*** |
| Stimulants/Recreational drug useb | 0.24 (0.22–0.25)*** | 0.44 (0.41–0.47)*** | 0.49 (0.45–0.52)*** | 0.23 (0.19–0.26)*** |
| IDU | 0.14 (0.08–0.21)*** | 0.22 (0.13–0.32)*** | 0.46 (0.31–0.61)*** | 0.17 (0.04–0.30)*** |
| Positive Hepatitis C virus antibody | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00) | −0.00 (−0.04 to 0.04) | 0.04 (−0.15 to 0.09) | 0.07 (0.02–0.13)*** |
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale, ART antiretroviral therapy, IDU intravenous drug use, OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.01;
***
P < 0.001
†
Models were estimated simultaneously within the Proc Traj software
a
Hazardous alcohol use defined as >14 drinks per week or Binge Drinking (i.e. 5 or more drinks per occasion)
b
Includes crack cocaine, other forms of cocaine, methamphetamines (or speed, meth or ice), Ecstasy