Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of risk factors for marijuana trajectory group membership among HIV+ men (N = 1439)†
| Characteristics | Abstainer (n = 820) AOR 95 % CI |
Decreasers (n = 235) AOR 95 % CI |
Increasers (n = 207) AOR 95 % CI |
Chronic high (n = 177) AOR 95 % CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, per year increase | Reference | 0.98 (0.95–1.00)* | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)* | 0.95 (0.93–0.98)** |
| Race (vs. White, non-Hispanic) | ||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | Reference | 1.82 (1.10–2.99)* | 1.15 (0.70–1.91) | 1.30 (0.76–2.22) |
| Other | Reference | 1.24 (0.71–2.14) | 0.66 (0.36–1.20) | 0.70 (0.37–1.30) |
| Education (vs. HSD or Less) | ||||
| Some college or college degree | Reference | 0.98 (0.64–1.51) | 1.11 (0.71–1.74) | 1.02 (0.65–1.60) |
| Graduate work or more | Reference | 0.56 (0.32–0.98)* | 1.21 (0.72–2.02) | 0.62 (0.35–1.10) |
| Study center (vs. Los Angeles) | ||||
| Baltimore/Washington DC | Reference | 0.64 (0.39–1.05) | 0.72 (0.46–1.12) | 0.55 (0.33–0.91)** |
| Chicago | Reference | 1.00 (0.65–1.55) | 0.69 (0.45–1.07) | 0.77 (0.48–1.23) |
| Pittsburgh | Reference | 0.73 (0.43–1.24) | 0.54 (0.32–0.90)* | 0.75 (0.45–1.23) |
| Study enrollment (vs. Pre 2001) | ||||
| Post-2001 | Reference | 0.53 (0.32–0.89)** | 0.70 (0.42–1.17) | 0.51 (0.29–0.87)* |
| History of AIDS | Reference | 1.04 (0.64–1.69) | 1.16 (0.74–1.82) | 0.81 (0.49–1.32) |
| Lost to follow up | Reference | 1.36 (0.86–2.14) | 1.02 (0.63–1.65) | 0.87 (0.54–1.42) |
| Died | Reference | 1.24 (0.74–2.08) | 1.36 (0.84–2.20) | 1.07 (0.63–1.82) |
|
Time-Varying Covariates Influencing Trajectory of Marijuana Use Within Each Trajectory Among HIV+ Men (N=1,439)† Trajectory-specific growth parameters (95 % CI) | ||||
| Depression (CES-D ≥ 16) | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.04) | 0.15 (0.09–0.20)*** | −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01)* | 0.09 (0.03–0.15)** |
| Low/moderate alcohol use | 0.11 (0.09–0.14)*** | 0.54 (0.47–0.62)*** | 0.78 (0.70–0.85)*** | 0.16 (0.08–0.25)*** |
| Hazardous alcohol usea | 0.20 (0.16–0.25)*** | 0.72 (0.62–0.82)*** | 0.93 (0.83–1.04)*** | −0.00 (−0.10 to 0.09) |
| Current Smoker | 0.07 (0.05–0.10)*** | 0.25 (0.20–0.31)*** | 0.51 (0.45–0.57)*** | 0.38 (0.32–0.43)*** |
| Stimulants/Recreational drug useb | 0.25 (0.22–0.27)*** | 0.53 (0.47–0.59)*** | 0.52 (0.46–0.58)*** | 0.34 (0.28–0.39)*** |
| IDU | 0.09 (0.01–0.18)* | 0.02 (−0.11 to 0.16) | −0.18 (−0.34 to 0.03)* | 0.41 (0.20–0.62)** |
| Positive Hepatitis C virus antibody | −0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) | 0.28 (0.20–0.36)*** | −0.03 (−0.11 to 0.04) | 0.25 (0.15–0.35)*** |
| ART Use | −0.04 (−0.07 to 0.01)* | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | −0.14 (−0.21 to 0.07)* | −0.02 (−0.09 to 0.05) |
| Detectable HIV RNA | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.04) | 0.09 (0.04–0.14)** | 0.00 (−0.05 to 0.06) |
| CD4+ count | ||||
| ≥200 and <500 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.00) | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09) | 0.05 (−0.02 to 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.04 to 0.12) |
| >500 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00)* | −0.03 (−0.10 to 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.12 to 0.04) | 0.26 (0.18–0.34)*** |
IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale, ART antiretroviral therapy, IDU intravenous drug use, OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.01;
***
P < 0.001
†
Models were estimated simultaneously within the Proc Traj software
a
Hazardous alcohol use defined as >14 drinks per week or Binge Drinking (i.e.. 5 or more drinks per occasion)
b
Includes crack cocaine, other forms of cocaine, methamphetamines (or speed, meth or ice), Ecstasy