Table 2.
Association between village economic inequality, using the Gini coefficient, and individual health indicators. Results from a nine-year panel (2002–2010) of 13 villages.
| Village Gini of: | Health outcomes | Addiction | Anthropometrics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived
| ||||||
| Stress | Ill | Bed | Arm | BMI | ||
| [I]. High visibility | ||||||
| Wildlife | 0.29 (0.32) | −0.09 (0.19) | 0.02 (0.13) | 0.25 (0.30) | −0.43 (0.34) | −0.14 (0.79) |
| N | 3850 | 5007 | 5167 | 2888 | 4884 | 3562 |
| Meat | −0.63 (0.53) | −0.14 (0.17) | −0.13 (0.11) | −0.30 (0.27) | −0.56 (0.18)*** | −1.70 (0.81)* |
| N | 3850 | 5007 | 5167 | 2888 | 4884 | 3562 |
| [II]. Medium visibility | ||||||
| Durables | −0.24 (0.13)* | −0.06 (0.02)** | −0.05 (0.06) | −0.001 (0.06) | −0.12 (0.08) | −0.24 (0.22) |
| N | 2861 | 3956 | 3956 | 2888 | 3934 | 2902 |
| Luxuries | −2.46 (0.77)*** | −0.22 (0.09)** | −0.01 (0.07) | −0.14 (0.25) | 0.22 (0.20) | −0.28 (0.55) |
| N | 2861 | 3956 | 3956 | 2888 | 3934 | 2902 |
| [III]. Low visibility | ||||||
| Plantings | −0.60 (0.66) | −0.28 (0.23) | −0.02 (0.23) | −0.22 (0.40) | −0.44 (0.39) | −0.78 (1.77) |
| N | 2848 | 3925 | 3932 | 2836 | 3903 | 2895 |
| Forest | −0.01 (0.71) | −0.37 (0.26) | −0.12 (0.19) | −0.30 (0.31) | −0.68 (0.45) | −1.95 (2.09) |
| N | 3838 | 4943 | 5098 | 2839 | 4817 | 3523 |
Notes:
p<.01,
p<.05,
p<.10. All regressions included robust standard errors (in parentheses) adjusted for clustering at the village level and the following covariates (coefficients not shown): year fixed effects, individuals attributes (age, sex, education, number of annual surveys in which the subject participated, and level of the economic resource, i.e., level of wildlife, meat, durables, luxuries, plantings, and forest area cleared) and village attributes (village-to-town travel time, total number of households in village, and village median of the resource, i.e., median of wildlife, meat, durables, luxuries, plantings, and forest area cleared).