Table 2. Univariate results of significant factors associated with child health checkup attendance.
| 1 month old | 4 months old | 1 and a half years old | 3 years old | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95%CI) | p-value | OR | (95%CI) | p-value | OR | (95%CI) | p-value | OR | (95%CI) | p-value | ||||||||||
| Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Maternal age at time of birth | 0.95 | (0.83–1.09) | 0.43 | 0.96 | (0.90–1.02) | 0.15 | 0.99 | (0.93–1.05) | 0.73 | 1.05 | (1.00–1.10) | 0.04 | * | ||||||||
| Paternal age at time of birth | 0.99 | (0.88–1.12) | 0.85 | 1.00 | (0.95–1.05) | 0.86 | 1.01 | (0.95–1.07) | 0.77 | 1.06 | (1.01–1.11) | 0.03 | * | ||||||||
| Maternal educational attainment | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤High school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Vocational school and 2-year college | 5.13 | (0.66–103.86) | 0.16 | 0.93 | (0.51–1.65) | 0.81 | 0.80 | (0.44–1.39) | 0.44 | 1.52 | (0.97–2.38) | 0.07 | |||||||||
| 4-year college and graduate school | 0.41 | (0.09–1.47) | 0.19 | 1.45 | (0.70–3.12) | 0.32 | 1.92 | (0.88–4.52) | 0.11 | 2.06 | (1.18–3.73) | 0.01 | * | ||||||||
| Paternal educational attainment | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤High school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Vocational school and 2-year college | 2.17 | (0.28–43.97) | 0.50 | 1.12 | (0.56–2.33) | 0.75 | 0.90 | (0.50–1.67) | 0.74 | 1.03 | (0.58–1.84) | 0.93 | |||||||||
| 4-year college and graduate school | 0.91 | (0.20–3.29) | 0.89 | 1.44 | (0.80–2.53) | 0.22 | 3.41 | (1.82–6.56) | <0.01 | ** | 1.57 | (0.97–2.54) | 0.06 | ||||||||
| Annual maternal income | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤1.5 million yen | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1.5–5.0 million yen | 1.05 | (0.13–21.22) | 0.97 | 1.49 | (0.60–4.49) | 0.48 | 0.42 | (0.22–0.84) | 0.01 | * | 0.40 | (0.23–0.69) | <0.01 | ** | |||||||
| ≥5.0 million yen | 0.33 | (0.04–6.73) | 0.34 | 0.58 | (0.22–2.01) | 0.32 | 1.13 | (0.32–7.11) | 0.87 | 0.54 | (0.23–1.45) | 0.17 | |||||||||
| Annual household income | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤4.0 million yen | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| 4.0–7.5 million yen | 5.28 | (0.87–40.23) | 0.07 | 1.94 | (0.92–3.92) | 0.07 | 2.45 | (1.23–4.76) | <0.01 | ** | 1.85 | (0.93–3.53) | 0.07 | ||||||||
| ≥7.5 million yen | 1.65 | (0.35–6.30) | 0.48 | 2.13 | (0.99–4.40) | 0.04 | * | 2.20 | (1.11–4.24) | 0.02 | * | 1.16 | (0.60–2.12) | 0.64 | |||||||
| Maternal employment status after birth | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Did not work | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Worked | 0.85 | (0.03–21.58) | 0.91 | 0.64 | (0.26–1.51) | 0.31 | 0.32 | (0.14–0.68) | <0.01 | ** | 0.50 | (0.27–0.89) | 0.02 | * | |||||||
| Childcare services | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Not used | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Used | 2.53 | (0.73–11.58) | 0.17 | 1.63 | (0.99–2.75) | 0.06 | 0.58 | (0.35–0.96) | 0.04 | * | 0.50 | (0.33–0.76) | <0.01 | ** | |||||||
| Number of neighbors communicating with mother | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| ≥5 | 1.76 | (0.53–6.72) | 0.37 | 0.97 | (0.58–1.60) | 0.89 | 1.93 | (1.16–3.31) | 0.01 | * | 1.90 | (1.26–2.92) | <0.01 | ** | |||||||
| Children | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Female | 1.64 | (0.49–6.25) | 0.43 | 1.73 | (1.04–2.93) | 0.04 | * | 0.77 | (0.47–1.25) | 0.29 | 0.97 | (0.65–1.44) | 0.87 | ||||||||
| Gestational age at birth | 1.16 | (0.89–1.38) | 0.18 | 1.05 | (0.92–1.17) | 0.42 | 1.10 | (0.98–1.21) | 0.07 | 1.11 | (1.02–1.21) | 0.01 | * | ||||||||
| Number of children | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 0.95 | (0.05–7.43) | 0.96 | 0.61 | (0.26–1.25) | 0.21 | 0.57 | (0.21–1.28) | 0.21 | 0.79 | (0.41–1.43) | 0.46 | |||||||||
| ≥3 | 0.20 | (0.01–1.12) | 0.13 | 0.55 | (0.23–1.22) | 0.16 | 0.27 | (0.10–0.61) | <0.01 | ** | 0.42 | (0.22–0.77) | <0.01 | ** | |||||||
| Birth order | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | 0.37 | (0.05–1.88) | 0.25 | 0.31 | (0.16–0.55) | <0.01 | ** | 0.46 | (0.25–0.83) | 0.01 | * | 0.69 | (0.44–1.07) | 0.10 | |||||||
| ≥3rd | 0.09 | (0.01–0.41) | <0.01 | ** | 0.22 | (0.10–0.45) | <0.01 | ** | 0.19 | (0.10–0.37) | <0.01 | ** | 0.38 | (0.22–0.65) | <0.01 | ** | |||||
1 month old: 1-month-old health checkup, 4 months old: 4-month-old health checkup, 1 and a half years old: 1-and-a-half-year-old health check up, 3 years old: 3-year-old health checkup
*: p<0.05
**: p<0.01