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. 2016 Jul 5;102(23):1909–1914. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309458

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Use of β-blockers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/heart failure according to inhaler therapy. Dark bars depict patients taking ACE inhibitor (ACEI)/ angiotensin-2 receptor blocker (ARB) without β-blockers, while lighter bars depict patients taking ACEI/ARB with β-blockers. The absolute numbers of patients are also shown. Error bars depict 95%CI. Also see table 2 for additional numerical data. ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β-2 agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA, short-acting β-2 agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist.