Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study cohorts

Subject group	Number of subjects	Mean age, years (SD)	Female sex, n (%)	Coeliac disease-associated HLA DQ2 and/or DQ8, n (%)	Intestinal biopsy histological grade: Marsh 0; Marsh 1; Marsh 3, n (%)
NCWS
Non-restrictive diet	80	34.6 (10.3)	62 (78)	21 (26)	48 (60); 32 (40); 0
Before and after restrictive diet*	20	34.0 (10.7)	19 (95)	7 (35)	9 (45); 11 (55); 0
Active coeliac disease	40	34.5 (13.7)	30 (75)	40 (100)	0; 0; 40 (100)
Healthy	40	35.0 (12.8)	30 (75)	–	–

*Intestinal biopsy taken before dietary restriction.

HLA, human leucocyte antigen; NCWS, non-coeliac wheat sensitivity.