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. 2016 May 31;71(12):1145–1153. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207402

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This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Severe hypoxia is present within human pulmonary TB lesions. (A) Patlak K_i images from dynamic PET-CT scanning for Patient 2 demonstrate intense retention of [¹⁸F] fluoromisonidazole ([¹⁸F]FMISO) in the right upper lobe of the lung (middle row). Coregistered PET-CT images (bottom row) confirm localisation of hypoxia to the region of the right upper lobe cavity. (B) Regional K_i values demonstrate heterogeneous trapping of [¹⁸F]FMISO within and between patients. The hypoxia threshold (0.00037/min) was determined from the mean+3 SDs of the Ki values in the normoxic lateral muscle background regions across the patient group. (C) Time–activity measurements of five regions of interest (ROIs) from Patient 3 demonstrate high tissue levels compared with peripheral blood values.