Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Aug 24;71(12):1119–1129. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208039

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

PMC Copyright notice

Cytokine and protease expression and activity in lungs from mice exposed to nicotine-free or nicotine-containing e-cigarette fluids. Mice were exposed to inhaled nicotine-free (0 mg/mL) or to nicotine-containing (18 mg/mL) e-cigarette fluid for 4 months. Gene expression analysis by qPCR for (A) the cytokines IL-1β, MCP-1, CXCL10, IL-6, CXCL2 and CXCL5 and (B) proteases MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-12, CatK, CatL1 and CatS. (C) Collagenase and cathepsin activity were measured in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Graphs are represented as mean±SEM of three measurements. p Values shown, comparing both treatments connected by a line. All n≥5 per group. The comparisons between two individual groups were determined by Student's t-test.