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. 2016 May 17;69(11):968–973. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203641

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This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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A natural G/A polymorphism within a potential stem-loop in the vacA 5′ untranslated region (UTR) is associated with in vivo vacA mRNA level, inflammation score and neutrophil infiltration. The nucleotide at position +28 in the vacA 5′ UTR (A or G) was determined by sequencing for the infecting strain from 27 patients. Gastric biopsies were used to quantify the relative in vivo vacA mRNA level by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCRs for all 27 patients (A), and scored for inflammation (B) and neutrophil infiltration (C) using the Sydney system for 19 patients infected with i1-type strains. Data were assessed by Mann–Whitney U tests for statistical significance.