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. 2016 Dec 5;6:38454. doi: 10.1038/srep38454

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) Three main processes occurring at the plasma-liquid interface as the liquid is cathode, and (b) the qualitative characteristics of the voltage potential (V) and electric field (E) in the plasma-liquid system (ref. ⁴¹). z is the coordinate along the plasma-liquid direction and at the liquid surface z = 0, V_C is the cathode voltage fall, d_C is the thickness of the cathode sheath, and E_C is the electric field at the liquid surface.