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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 Oct 18;54(4):1539–1550. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160252

Table 1a.

Categories of connected language measures.

Semantic Content and Lexical Richness Syntactic Complexity Speech Fluency
Semantic Units Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) Maze Index (mazes/utterances)
Semantic Unit Idea Density Verb Index (verbs/utterances) Filled Pauses/utterances
Unique Words
Total Words
Moving Average Type-Token Ratio (MATTR)
Pronouns (proportion)
Propositional Idea Density

Definitions of Measures: Semantic Units refer to a pre-defined set of people, objects, actions and attitudes [19, 39]; Semantic Unit Idea Density: total number of semantic units divided by total number of words; Unique Words: total number of non-repeated words; Moving Average Type-Token Ratio: an average of ratios of unique words to total words for successive windows of a length of 10; Proportion of Pronouns: total pronouns divided by nouns plus pronouns; Proportion of Verbs: total verbs divided by verbs plus nouns; Mean length of utterance: total number of morphemes divided by total utterances; Verb Index: ratio of number of verbs to total utterances; Maze Index: total number of repetitions, revision, false starts and fillers divided by number of utterances; Filled pauses: proportion of fillers to number of utterances.