Table 5.
Caregiver-report outcomes at pre- and post-test for complete cases and pooled imputed datasets
| Outcome | Complete casesa | Multiple imputation (N = 115) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test | Post-test | t (p) | N | Pre-test | Post-test | t (p) | |
| Physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, /79 b | 6.88 (1.19) | 1.70 (0.45) | 4.20 (<0.001) | 50 | 11.32 (0.84) | 1.68 (0.36) | 11.24 (<0.001) |
| Sexual abuse, /2 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.01) | 1.68 (0.10) | 107 | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.01) | 1.92 (0.06) |
| Positive discipline, /8 | 5.23 (0.38) | 2.59 (0.30) | 5.80 (<0.001) | 75 | 5.44 (0.28) | 2.59 (0.24) | 8.45 (<0.001) |
| Adolescent behavioural problems, /74 | 15.76 (0.93) | 11.84 (0.73) | 4.46 (<0.001) | 99 | 16.16 (0.95) | 12.14 (0.75) | 4.37 (<0.001) |
| Positive and involved parenting, /64 | 48.55 (1.07) | 53.91 (0.82) | 4.49 (<0.001) | 99 | 49.23 (0.98) | 53.83 (0.81) | 4.04 (<0.001) |
| Poor monitoring and inconsistent discipline, /64 | 24.18 (1.32) | 16.67 (1.01) | 5.21 (<0.001) | 96 | 24.36 (1.21) | 16.87 (1.06) | 5.55 (<0.001) |
| Depression, /80 | 23.23 (1.56) | 14.06 (1.31) | 5.82 (<0.001) | 86 | 23.43 (1.42) | 14.29 (1.27) | 6.24 (<0.001) |
| Substance use, /4 | 0.75 (0.10) | 0.40 (0.09) | 3.12 (0.002) | 110 | 0.74 (0.10) | 0.40 (0.09) | 3.17 (0.002) |
| Parenting stress, /72 | 26.04 (1.00) | 20.87 (0.77) | 4.54 (<0.001) | 100 | 26.43 (0.94) | 21.46 (0.79) | 4.54 (<0.001) |
| Social support, /38 | 29.32 (0.95) | 33.55 (0.76) | 3.71 (<0.001) | 106 | 29.29 (0.92) | 33.56 (0.75) | 3.82 (<0.001) |
| Adolescents witnessing violence, /28 | 0.66 (0.26) | 0.55 (0.28) | 0.27 (0.79) | 67 | 1.89 (0.67) | 0.75 (0.34) | 1.57 (0.12) |
Data are mean (standard error). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between pre- and post-test are bolded
aN for complete cases varies based on scale, ranging from 50 to 110 caregivers
bValue indicates the maximum total score