TABLE 2.
Overview of the miRNAs Transferred bv Extracellular Vesicles Discussed in This Article
| Producing cells | Species | Vesicle type (as indicated in original publication) |
Purification method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Platelets | Human | Microparticles | Centrifugation 20,000g, 90 min |
| Primary and immortalized BM-derived macrophages |
Mouse | Exosomes | Precipitation (Exoquick, primary Mφ) and ultra 134,000g, 70 min (immortalized Mφ) |
| KLF2-transduced HUVECs; mouse lung ECs |
Human; mouse | Extracellular vesicles | Centrifugation 20,500g, 60 min |
| Apoptotic HUVECs | Human | Apoptotic bodies | Centrifugation 16,000g, 20 min |
| Apoptotic HCAECs | Human | Microparticles | Centrifugation 20,000g, 40 min |
| CD34+ PBMCs | Human | Extracellular vesicles (MVs and exosomes) |
Centrifugation 16,000g, 60 min (MVs) + ultra 120,000g, 60 min (exosomes) |
| CD34+ PBMCs | Human | Exosomes | Ultra 100,000g, 60 min (sucrose gradient) |
| THP-1 monocytes | Human | MVs (exosomes) | Ultra 110,000g, 120 min |
| HMEC-1 | Human | Exosomes | Ultra 100,000g, 60 min |
| Pericytes (SVPs) | Human | ND (CM) | Ultrafiltration (50× concentrate) |
| MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells | Human | Exosomes | Ultra 110,000g, 110 min |
| 4T1 breast cancer cells | Mouse | Exosomes | Ultra 110,000g, 70 min |
| Hypoxic K562 leukemia cells | Human | Exosomes | Precipitation (Exoquick) |
| Hypoxic multiple myeloma cells | Human | Exosomes | Precipitation (Exoquick) |
| Irradiated MRC-5 fetal lung fibroblasts | Human | Exosomes | Precipitation (Exoquick) |
| Transferred miRNA |
Recipient cells | Target gene inhibition |
Biological effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-223 | HUVECs | FBXW7, EFNA1 | n.d. | (108) |
| miR-142-3p | Immortalized mouse EC- like cells |
Reporter activity | n.d. | (109) |
| miR-143, miR-145 | Human aortic SMCs |
ELK, KLF4, PHACTR4, SSH2, MMP3 |
Atheroprotective in vivo | (110) |
| miR-126 | HUVECs | RGS16 | Atheroprotective in vivo | (114) |
| miR-126 | HCAECs in vitro and murine ECs in vivo |
SPRED1 | EC migration and proliferation in vitro; re-endofhelialization in vivo |
(115) |
| miR-126 | HAECs | n.d. | Pro-angiogenic in vitro | (119) |
| miR-126 | HUVECs | n.d. | Pro-angiogenic in vitro and in vivo | (120) |
| miR-150 | HMEC-1 | MYB | Increased cell migration in vitro | (123) |
| miR-214 | HMEC-1 | ATM | Reduced EC senescence in vitro; pro- angiogenic in vitro and ex vivo |
(124) |
| miR-132 | HUVECs | pl20RASGAP/RASAl | Pro-angiogenic in vitro | (125) |
| miR-105 | HMVECs | TJP1/Z0-1 | Increased cell migration and vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo |
(126) |
| miR-210 | HUVECs | Reporter activity | Pro-angiogenic in vitro | (127) |
| miR-210 | HUVECs | EFNA3 | Pro-angiogenic in vitro | (131) |
| miR-210, miR-135b | HUVECs | FIH-1 | Pro-angiogenic in vitro and ex vivo | (132) |
| miR-21 | Unirradiated MRC-5 cells | BCL-2 | RIBE | (148, 149) |
Notes. HUVECs = human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs); n.d. = not done; BM = bone marrow; ultra = ultracentrifugation; SMCs = smooth muscle cells; HCAECs = human carotid artery ECs; PBMCs = peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HAECs = human aortic ECs; HMEC/ HMVECs = human microvascular ECs; SVPs = saphenous vein-derived pericyte progenitors; CM = conditioned media; RIBE = radiation-induced bystander effect.