FIG 8 .

Identification of downstream and upstream factors of Bdr1 in C. neoformans. (A) Bdr1 is localized in the nucleus. The cellular localization of Bdr1 fused with GFP was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Hoechst stain was used for nucleus staining after cells were fixed with formaldehyde. Scale bars represent 10 µm. (B and C) Bdr1 controls expression of DNA repair genes and RIG genes post-radiation exposure. (D) Rad53 is involved in both gamma radiation resistance and DNA damage stress. The two images split by a horizontal white line in each spot assay were obtained from the same plate. (E) Rad53 is an upstream factor of Bdr1 during the radiation exposure response. For qRT analysis, duplicate technical experiments with two biological samples were performed. Representative images from independent experiments for each gene are shown. Error bars indicate standard deviations. Asterisks indicate statistical significance of differences in the relative expression levels (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001).