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. 2016 Jun 20;12(11):2790–2796. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1198455

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© 2016 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 1. — Natural killer cell-mediated killing of target cells. (A) No killing of healthy cells due to a balance of activating and inhibitory signals. (B) Killing of targets due to down-regulation of MHC molecules (“missing self”); killing due to overexpression of stress ligands (“induced self”) that can override inhibitory signals; killing due to the recognition of antibodies bound to target cells by CD16 on NK cells (“antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity” (ADCC). (C) BiKEs and TriKEs facilitate NK cell interaction with tumor targets via CD16, (D) triggering degranulation and cytokine production via the ADCC pathway.