Fig. 5.

Indolepyruvate affects the ability of LPS to induce IL-1β and HIF-1α, but has no effect on TNF or IL-6 in vivo. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with indolepyruvate (50 mg/kg) or PBS for 30 min. LPS (15 mg/kg) or PBS were then injected intraperitoneally for 2 h. (A) Protein isolated from PECs was analyzed by Western blot for the presence of pro–IL-1β. (B) The levels of IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 protein secreted into the serum were measured by ELISA. (C) The levels of IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 mRNA were measured by qPCR using mRNA isolated from PECS. A is representative of three independent experiments. In B and C, n = 9 per group. IP, indolepyruvate.