Table S4.
Time periods or years, by population, that were used in the life tables underlying the measures shown in Fig. 4 A and C
| Country | Period | Age interval | Ref. |
| For Fig. 4A | |||
| Sweden | 1751–1759 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1800–1809 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1850–1859 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1900–1909 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1950–1959 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 2000–2009 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1925–1934 | 1 | (19) |
| England | 1600–1725 | 1 | (56) |
| Trinidad | 1813–1816 | 1 | (55) |
| Ukraine | 1933 | 1 | (19) |
| Liberia | 1820–1843 | 5 | (17, 18) |
| Hadza | 1985–2000 | 1 | (15) |
| Ache | 1980–1994 | 1 | (16) |
| Acculturated hunter-gatherers* | — | — | (57) |
| Sweden | 1773 | 1 | (19) |
| Iceland | 1882 | 1 | (19) |
| India | 2013 | 1 | (54) |
| Nigeria | 2013 | 1 | (54) |
| Russia | 2013 | 1 | (54) |
| United States | 2013 | 1 | (54) |
| Japan | 2012 | 1 | (19) |
| China | 2013 | 1 | (54) |
| For Fig. 4C | |||
| Iceland | 1881 | 1 | (19) |
| Iceland | 1883 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1772 | 1 | (19) |
| Sweden | 1774 | 1 | (19) |
| Ukraine | 1931 | 1 | (19) |
| Ukraine | 1932 | 1 | (19) |
| Ukraine | 1934 | 1 | (19) |
| Ukraine | 1935 | 1 | (19) |
We used data for 2012 for Japan because we decided to use highly reliable HMD data (19) for this focal population and these data were not available after 2012.
*
The estimation of the pace and shape measures for acculturated hunter-gatherers was carried out based on the Siler mortality parameter estimates provided by ref. 57.