Immunogenicity of neoantigens obtained from the inflamed and noninflamed patient cohorts. (A) A total of 707 peptides were synthesized and tested for HLA-A2 binding using a high-throughput T2 binding assay. The percent increase of MFI of HLA-A2 expression is shown, among neoantigen peptides identified in the inflamed and noninflamed cohorts (P = 0.04, 43.7 ± 1.8 inflamed, 48.4 ± 2.3 noninflamed, mean ± SEM). As control we assessed the binding of MAGE-A3 (#) and melan-A (§). (B) Plotted are the HLA-A2 binding scores of 20 randomly selected peptides. (C) Selected neoantigen peptides were used to induce de novo T-cell priming using peripheral blood CD8+ T cells (P = 0.02, 58.2 ± 3.3 inflamed, 68.5 ± 3.1 noninflamed, mean ± SEM). The resulting expanded T cells were restimulated with specific peptide and analyzed using an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay (P = 0.44, 24.9 ± 12 inflamed, 43.0 ± 20 noninflamed, mean ± SEM).