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. 2016 Nov 11;113(48):13744–13749. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1610917113

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Scheme S4. — Schematic of the first proofreading step. The ribosome exits the initial selection step with rate constant k_c (Fig. 1) and forms the complex, $R \cdot T_{3 GDP}$ , in which the ribosome is bound to aa-tRNA in ternary complex with $EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ . The ternary complex $aa - tRNA \cdot EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ may dissociate from the ribosome with rate constant $q_{1}^{c}$ in cognate and $q_{1}^{n c}$ in near-cognate cases. Alternatively, $T_{3 GDP}$ splits with rate constant $k_{T u}$ into a ribosome-bound $aa - tRNA \oplus EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ complex in which $aa - tRNA$ and $EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ do not interact and where the two molecules are held in place by their respective affinities to the ribosome. Complex $aa - tRNA \oplus EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ may reform ribosome-bound complex $aa - tRNA \cdot EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ with rate constant q_F1 or form ribosome complex $R \cdot aa - tRNA$ through dissociation of $EF - Tu \cdot GDP$ from the ribosome with rate constant k_F1.