Conditions for transfection are identical to those described in Figure 2. (A) no treatment, 24 h; (B) free siRNA, 24 h; (C) G-IsoM/IsoS 30:70-siRNA, 24 h (arrows indicate uptake into the nuclei); (D) free 12–3–12 gemini surfactant, 24 h; (E) siRNA in 0.1% (w/v) 12–3–12 gemini surfactant solution, 1 h; (F) siRNA in 0.1% (w/v) 12–3–12 gemini surfactant solution, 24 h.