Table 5. Univariable and multivariable analysis of risk factors for GHD or GDM at each pregnancy (total 8,783 pregnancies).

A. GHD	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)
Age at the pregnancy (y)	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	1.06 (1.02–1.09)
The order of pregnancy compared to the first one
Second pregnancy	0.62 (0.48–0.80)	0.53 (0.40–0.69)
Third pregnancy	0.56 (0.39–0.81)	0.43 (0.28–0.65)
Fourth pregnancy	0.24 (0.11–0.54)	0.19 (0.09–0.43)
≥Fifth pregnancy	0.13 (0.02–0.96)	0.10 (0.01–0.43)
Familial history of
Premature CVD	1.56 (1.18–2.07)	1.56 (1.13–2.14)
Hypertension	1.34 (1.01–1.76)
Diabetes mellitus	0.98 (0.73–1.31)
Dyslipidemia	1.26 (0.96–1.66)
Stroke	1.39 (1.01–1.92)
Angina pectoris	1.06 (0.66–1.68)
Myocardial infarction	0.87 (0.47–1.62)
B. GDM	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)
Age at the pregnancy	1.07 (1.03–1.10)	1.08 (1.03–1.12)
The order of pregnancy compared to the first one
Second pregnancy	1.03 (0.74–1.44)
Third pregnancy	1.02 (0.63–1.64)
Fourth pregnancy	0.66 (0.28–1.53)
≥Fifth pregnancy	1.88 (0.76–4.67)
Menstrual regularity (<4 days)	0.75 (0.51–1.11)
Menstrual cycle (<30 days)	0.65 (0.43–0.97)
Infertility therapy	1.89 (1.07–3.33)	1.78 (1.00–3.15)
Familial history of
Premature CVD	0.64 (0.73–1.65)
Hypertension	1.10 (0.74–1.63)
Diabetes mellitus	2.58 (1.75–3.79)	2.62 (1.66–415)
Dyslipidemia	1.39 (0.93–2.07)
Stroke	1.18 (0.74–1.90)
Angina pectoris	1.38 (0.84–2.27)
Myocardial infarction	0.45 (0.17–1.22)	0.35 (0.13–0.94)

* Adjusted by age at the pregnancy, the order of pregnancy compared to the first one, menarche ≤ 12 years, menstrual regularity (<4 days), menstrual cycle (<30 days), history of infertility therapy, history of oral contraceptive pill, familial history of premature CVD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction.

CVD = cardiovascular disease; GHD = gestational hypertensive disease; GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; OR = odds ratio.