Table 6. Pregnancy outcome after GHD or GDM at each parity (total 6,685 parity).
| Total (n = 6,685) | GHD (+) (n = 280) | GHD (-) (n = 6,405)) | p | GDM (+) (n = 140) | GDM (-) (n = 6,545) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy duration | < 0.001 | 0.002 | |||||
| 21–35 wk | 450 (5.1%) | 47 (16.8%) | 403 (6.3%) | 9 (6.4%) | 441 (6.7%) | ||
| 36–41 wk | 5,697 (64.9%) | 233 (83.2%) | 5,464 (85.3%) | 131 (93.6%) | 5,566 (85.0%) | ||
| ≥42 wk | 538 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | 538 (8.4%) | 0 (0%) | 538 (8.2%) | ||
| Delivery method | < 0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Vaginal delivery | 3,889 (64.0%) | 132 (47.7%) | 3,757 (64.7%) | 60 (43.5%) | 3,829 (64.4%) | ||
| Induced vaginal delivery | 360 (5.9%) | 24 (8.7%) | 336 (5.8%) | 7 (5.1%) | 353 (5.9%) | ||
| Cesarean section | 1,832 (30.1%) | 121 (43.7%) | 1,711 (29.5%) | 71 (51.4%) | 1,761 (29.6%) | ||
| Birth weight | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| < 2.5 kg | 279 (4.5%) | 54 (19.3%) | 225 (3.8%) | 9 (6.4%) | 270 (4.5%) | ||
| 2.5–3.5 kg | 4,213 (68.5%) | 170 (60.7%) | 4,043 (68.9%) | 67 (47.9%) | 4,146 (69%) | ||
| 3.5–4.5 kg | 1,628 (26.5%) | 53 (18.9%) | 1,575 (26.8%) | 61 (43.6%) | 1,567 (26.1%) | ||
| >4.5 kg | 27 (0.4%) | 3 (1.1%) | 24 (0.4%) | 3 (2.1%) | 24 (0.4%) | ||
| Postpregnancy weight gain | 0.012 | 0.047 | |||||
| ≤2 kg | 2,323 (34.7%) | 72 (25.7%) | 2,251 (35.1%) | 42 (30.0%) | 2,281 (34.9%) | ||
| 3–5 kg | 1,980 (29.6%) | 91 (32.5%) | 1,889 (29.5%) | 33 (23.6%) | 1,947 (29.7%) | ||
| 6–10 kg | 1,630 (24.4%) | 82 (29.3%) | 1,548 (24.2%) | 42 (30.0%) | 1,588 (24.3%) | ||
| ≥11 kg | 752 (11.2%) | 35 (12.5%) | 717 (11.2%) | 23 (16.4%) | 729 (11.1%) | ||
| Breastfeeding duration | 0.070 | 0.028 | |||||
| ≤1 months | 2,327 (37.9%) | 112 (40.0%) | 2,215 (37.8%) | 37 (26.4%) | 2,290 (38.1%) | ||
| 2–3 months | 2,080 (33.8%) | 91 (32.5%) | 1,989 (33.9%) | 53 (37.9%) | 2,027 (33.7%) | ||
| 4–11 months | 1,166 (19.0%) | 62 (22.1%) | 1,104 (18.8%) | 36 (25.7%) | 1,130 (18.8%) | ||
| ≥12 months | 574 (9.3%) | 15 (5.4%) | 559 (9.5%) | 14 (10.0%) | 560 (9.3%) |