(A) The transport mechanisms used by the different nanostructured lipid carriers formulations. (B) Permeability (Papp) values for free saquinavir and the saquinavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers after 2 h of incubation with 100-μM verapamil, a P-gp inhibitor. Formulations with no inhibition were considered as controls (n = 3).
** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
–: Absence of verapamil; +: Under verapamil inhibition.
NLC: Nanostructured lipid carrier; ns: No significance; SQV: Saquinavir.
Reproduced with permission from [34] © Elsevier (2013).