Table 1.
Association studies of heroin dependence and 44-bp repeats polymorphism in serotonin transporter gene promoter
| Study | Ethnic groups | Diagnostic criteria | Subject category | N | Genotype frequency, N (%)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL | LS | SS | |||||
| Kotler et al25 (1999) | Non-Ashkenazi Jewish | DSM-IV | Patients | 186 | 54 (29) | 84 (45) | 48 (26) |
| Controls | 217 | 53 (24) | 114 (53) | 50 (23) | |||
| Li et al27 (2002) | Chinese | DSM-IV | Patients | 106 | 8 (8) | 38 (36) | 60 (57) |
| Controls | 190 | 17 (9) | 60 (32) | 113 (59) | |||
| Gerra et al21 (2004) | Italian Caucasians | DSM-IV | Patients | 101 | 27 (27) | 44 (44) | 30 (30) |
| Controls | 101 | 34 (34) | 51 (51) | 16 (16) | |||
| Szilagyi et al28 (2005) | Hungarian Caucasians | DSM-IV | Patients | 52 | 15 (29) | 25 (48) | 12 (23) |
| Controls | 362 | 135 (37) | 163 (45) | 64 (18) | |||
| Saiz et al30 (2008) | Spanish Caucasians | DSM-IV | Patients | 114 | 24 (21) | 59 (52) | 31 (27) |
| Controls | 420 | 124 (30) | 203 (48) | 93 (22) | |||
| Wang et al32 (2016) | Chinese | DSM-IV | Patients | 309 | 14 (5) | 62 (20) | 233 (75) |
| Controls | 301 | 8 (3) | 99 (33) | 194 (64) | |||
Abbreviation: DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed.