Table 2.
Examples of in vitro models used in NP toxicity testing
| Cell type | NPs studied | NP size | NP dose | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human lung carcinoma (A549) | Cerium dioxide (CeO2) | 10 nm | 6.25, 25, or 100 μg/mL | 105 |
| Human hepatocyte (C3A), human colon | Gold (Au)Cerium dioxide (CeO2) | 35 nm | 0–1,000 μg/mL | 21 |
| adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), primary trout hepatocytes | 25 nm | |||
| Human fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages | Cobalt chromium (CoCr) | 30 nm 3 μm |
1–5,000 μm3/well | 106–108 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) | Silicon dioxide (SiO2) | 43 nm | 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL | 109 |
| Human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) | Titanium dioxide (TiO2) | 25 nm | 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/mL | 110 |
| Rat alveolar macrophages (RAW 264.7) | Crystalline silica (DQ12) | 960 nm | 1, 5, 10, 40 μg/cm2 | 111 |
| Zinc oxide (ZnO) | 10 nm | |||
| Magnesium oxide (MgO) | 8 nm |
Abbreviation: NP, nanoparticle.