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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Appetite. 2016 Oct 15;108:361–366. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.018

Table 1.

Association between the presence of TV at Family Meals and Meal Variables (Group Enjoyment and Meal Dietary Quality)

Variable n (%) Emotional Atmosphere Point Estimate 95% CI Overall p-value HOM Index Point Estimate 95% CI Overall p-value
 Is TV on in room and/or in adjoining room? 120 (100%) 0.02 0.04
  Neither weekday nor weekend 40 (33.3%) 5.07a (4.47, 5.66) 3.42a (3.08, 3.77)
  Either weekday or weekend 28 (23.3%) 5.27a (4.33, 6.20) 2.99ab (2.70, 3.29)
  Both weekday and weekend 52 (43.3%) 4.12b (3.63, 4.60) 2.91b (2.72, 3.10)
 Is family paying attention to any TV? 80 (100%) 0.74 0.02
  Not Paying Attention 28 (35%) 4.48a (3.90, 5.06) 3.24a (2.95, 3.52)
  Paying Attention 52 (65%) 4.32a (3.64, 5.00) 2.84b (2.69, 3.00)

Note: Models adjusted for primary caregiver sex and age. Within-group point estimates that do not share a superscipt letter are significantly different at p<0.05.

Interpretation Example: The effects of the presence of TV and whether the family was paying attention to TV on emotional atmosphere were examined. Point estimates suggest that additional days of TV presence has negative effects on emotional atmosphere after controlling for primary caregiver sex and age.