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. 2016 Dec;50:230–246. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.08.001

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics – elective sample.

Variable Obs Mean SD ICC
Patient characteristics
 Distance travelled (in km) 171,472 14.6 17.4
 Distance travelled past closest provider (in km) 171,472 5.0 14.4
 Number of providers within 10 km radius 171,472 1.3 1.5
 Number of providers within 30 km radius 171,472 6.7 5.7
 Age 171,472 68.0 11.5
 Male 171,472 0.40 0.49
 Past utilisation 171,472 0.13 0.49
 Number of Elixhauser conditions 171,472 0.43 0.94
 Income deprivation 171,472 0.12 0.09
 Pre-operative Oxford Hip Score 114,187 17.4 8.2
Provider characteristics
 Observed volume 568 305.4 209.1 94.7%
 Waiting time (proportion waiting >120 days) 568 0.2 0.2 59.5%
 Change in Oxford Hip Score 568 19.8 1.4 57.2%
 28-day emergency readmission rate (%) 568 5.67 2.40 36.8%
 1-year revision rate (%) 568 0.94 0.82 17.8%
 28-day mortality rate (%) 568 0.17 0.36 3.5%

Obs = Observations; SD = Standard deviation; ICC = Intraclass correlation coefficient. Notes: Patient characteristics for patients choosing provider between April 2010 and March 2013. Waiting time and quality metrics are for financial years 2009/10 to 2011/12. Provider characteristics are unweighted. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) measures the proportion of variation that occurs between providers, rather than over time.