Table 5.

Comparison of marginal utilities for elective and emergency patients – matched sample.

Variable	Elective patients		Emergency patients		Difference
	Est	SE	Est	SE	Est	SE
Change in Oxford Hip Score	0.110	0.017***	0.058	0.016***	0.052	0.018**
28-day emergency readmission rate (%)	−0.060	0.010***	−0.041	0.009***	−0.019	0.011
1-year revision rate (%)	−0.099	0.025***	−0.078	0.025**	−0.021	0.030
28-day mortality rate (%)	−0.035	0.067	0.006	0.066	−0.041	0.087
Distance (in km)	−0.379	0.010***	−0.324	0.015***	−0.055	0.017**
Distance2	0.005	0.000***	0.003	0.000***	0.002	0.000***
Distance3	0.000	0.000***	0.000	0.000***	0.000	0.000***
NHS trust – medium	−0.817	0.054***	−0.642	0.055***	−0.176	0.061**
NHS trust – multi-service	−0.784	0.174***	−1.027	0.189***	0.242	0.220
NHS trust – small	−0.958	0.063***	−0.834	0.059***	−0.123	0.071
NHS trust – teaching	−0.489	0.058***	−0.622	0.054***	0.133	0.066*
Primary care trust	−1.419	0.324***	−1.509	0.366***	0.090	0.353
Waiting time (proportion waiting >120 days)	−0.546	0.137***	−0.200	0.131	−0.347	0.162*
WTT (OHS change)	0.617	0.094***	0.324	0.091***	−0.292	0.103**
WTT (Readmission rate)	−0.573	0.091***	−0.389	0.087***	0.184	0.106
WTT (Revision rate)	−0.323	0.081***	−0.254	0.082**	0.069	0.099
WTT (Mortality rate)	−0.049	0.095	0.008	0.094	0.058	0.123
Number of patients	31,631		31,631
Number of providers	137		137
BIC	97,740
Pseudo R2	0.794

Notes: Conditional logit model of choice of hospital for elective and emergency hip replacement patients treated between April 2010 and March 2013. Waiting time and quality metrics are lagged by one year. Coefficients are marginal utilities for the ‘reference patient’. Elective and emergency patients are matched exactly on observed characteristics (age, gender, past emergency utilisation in last year (none, once, or more), income deprivation of neighbourhood, number of Elixhauser comorbit conditions, year of treatment) and the ‘reference patient’ in both patient populations is defined according to the average (prior to matching) characteristics of the elective patient sample. Choice sets include only providers that treat at least 30 elective and 30 emergency hip replacement patient in this period. WTT is the ratio of the coefficient on the quality variable to the marginal utility of distance evaluated at the median distance (in km). Model is estimated with a full set of dummy variables interacted with hospital characteristics and other interaction terms. All models also contain a full set of interactions of age, gender, past utilisation, Elixhauser comorbidities, and deprivation with hospital characteristics and distance (not reported). Standard errors are clustered at GP practice level.

^***p < 0.001;

^**p < 0.01;

^*p < 0.05.