Table 6.

Choice model controlling for unobserved time-invariant hospital effects.

	All providers (1)		NHS providers only (2)
	Est	SE	Est	SE
Change in Oxford Hip Score	0.017	0.006**	0.014	0.007
28-day emergency readmission rate (%)	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.004
1-year revision rate (%)	0.003	0.010	0.001	0.012
28-day mortality rate (%)	0.045	0.022*	0.028	0.028
Distance (in km)	−0.293	0.007***	−0.334	0.010***
Distance2	0.003	0.000***	0.003	0.000***
Distance3	−0.00001	0.000***	−0.00001	0.000***
Waiting time (proportion waiting >120 days)	0.013	0.061	0.045	0.066
WTT (OHS change)	0.108	0.041**	0.077	0.042
WTT (Readmission rate)	0.050	0.037	0.014	0.040
WTT (Revision rate)	0.013	0.036	0.005	0.039
WTT (Mortality rate)	0.072	0.035*	0.040	0.040
Number of patients	170,916		146,839
Number of providers	228		144
BIC	394,881		246,842
Pseudo R2	0.698		0.762

Notes: Conditional logit model of choice of hospital for elective hip replacement patients treated between April 2010 and March 2013. Waiting time and quality metrics are lagged by one year. Coefficients are marginal utilities. WTT is the ratio of the coefficient on the quality variable to the marginal utility of distance evaluated at the average distance to the chosen provider. Model in (1) does not impose restrictions on the type of provider in patients' choice sets. Model in (2) is based on a restricted choice set of NHS providers, thereby excluding patients that selected ISTCs. All models include indicator variables for hospitals (not reported). All models also contain a full set of interactions of age, gender, past utilisation, Elixhauser comorbidities, and deprivation with hospital characteristics and distance (not reported). Standard errors are clustered at GP practice level.

^***p < 0.001;

^**p < 0.01;

^*p < 0.05.