Table 1.

Factors, variables, and development of questionnaire

Factors	Variables	Survey questions	Response categories
Pro-environmental behaviors: ecological conservation behaviors (ECB)	Frequency of engagement in - Biological conservation - Ecological conservation such as local animal conservation	Have you ever been involved in the community’s environmental conservation activity such as avoiding cutting trees, planting trees in damaged forest areas, or conducting integrated farming?	1 = No involvement 5 = Regular involvement
		Have you ever eaten or harvested baby crabs and/or pregnant crabs caught in the community?	1 = Regular involvement 5 = No involvement
Pro-environmental behaviors: Waste management behaviors (WMB)	Frequency of engagement in - Reusing and recycling products - Waste reduction	How often do you reuse or recycle things such as plastic bags and bottles?	1 = No involvement 5 = Regular involvement
		Have you avoided using a plastic bag when buying a few goods?
Life satisfaction	Satisfaction with life overall	Are you satisfied with your life in general?	1 = Not at all 5 = Absolutely
	Satisfaction with social condition	Are you satisfied with the social condition in the community?
	Satisfaction with economic status	Are you satisfied with your economic condition?
Place attachment	Place dependence	I feel comfortable living in this community.	1 = Absolutely not 5 = Absolutely yes
	Place identity	I am very attached to this community.
Environmental worldview	Perception of “human-nature relation”	How much do you agree with these statements? -The balance of nature is very fragile and easily disrupted. -Human activities sometimes contribute to environmental changes. -Human beings have the right to modify the environment in response to their needs. -The ecological system exists to support human needs. -Development has its limitations, and population growth is higher than nature can support.	1 = Strongly disagree 5 = Strongly agree
	Perception of “limiting growth”
	Perception of “human dominance over nature”
Perceived environmental values	Perceived environmental values	Your community has fresh air and good environments suitable for recreational activities.	1 = Strongly disagree 5 = Strongly agree
		Your community has fresh air, good environments suitable for living.
Environmental knowledge	Environmental phenomena	How much do you know about current environmental phenomena such as the climate situation?	1 = Not at all 5 = Well understand
	Causes of environmental problem	How much do you know about the cause of environmental problems such as climate change?
	Environmental management	How much do you know about how to act environmentally?
Sense of obligation and self-efficacy	Willingness to pay for the environment	Are you willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products?	1 = Absolutely not 4 = Absolutely willing
	Perception of the self’s capability to solve environmental problems	Do you think a single person’s actions can contribute to the improvement of environmental quality?	1 = Absolutely not 5 = Absolutely contribute
Social norm	Social norm	Your neighbors pay attention to issues related to ecological conservation and environmental protection.	1 = Not at all 5 = Absolutely
Psychosocial characteristics	Gender	Please indicate your gender
	Age	Please indicate you age
	Career	Please indicate your career
	Education level	Please indicate your education level
	Income	Please indicate your income/month