Figure 1.

AtTPIs are functional TPIs that harbor isoform specific cysteines. (A) Multiple sequence amino acid alignment of selected TPIs showing their secondary structural elements. Chloroplast targeting sequences are colored in green. Catalytic residues (K12, H95, and E166 according to yeast TPI numeration) are highlighted in blue. Cysteine residues are highlighted as follows: the universally TPI conserved C127 in black; loop1 interface cysteine in red (C13 or C15), a cysteine conserved in plant cTPIs in purple, cysteines conserved in pdTPI isoforms are colored in green, and the α-helix 7 cysteine in pink. (B) LB agar plates showing the in vivo complementation of E. coli BL21 (DE3) ΔTPI cells by plasmids expressing cTPI, pdTPI, and TvTIM1. (C) Growth kinetics showing the complementation of BL21 (DE3) Δtpi cells by plasmids overexpressing AtTPIs after 30 h of growth.