Table 1. Summarized Signalments and Imaging Features of 7 dogs with Caval Foramen Hernias of the Liver.
| Dog No. | Breed | Sex | Age (years) |
Chief complaint |
Affected liver lobe |
Defect sizea) W × H (mm) |
Hernia size L × W × H (mm) |
Hepatic vein dilation |
Biliary tract involvement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pomeranian | F | 2 | Lung nodule suspected | RLL | 11.7 × 12.4 | 11 × 22 × 33 | Yes | No |
| 2 | Shih-Tzu | CM | 12 | Glaucoma | RLL | 8.8 × 12.4 | 20 × 14 × 11 | No | No |
| 3 | Miniature Poodle | F | 11 | Lung nodule suspected | RLL | 14.7 × 15.7 | 22 × 19 × 17 | Yes | No |
| 4 | Yorkshire Terrier | CM | 11 | Thoracic mass | RLL | 13.6 × 15.1 | 50 × 35 × 20 | Yes | No |
| 5 | Pug | M | 10 | Left maxillary mass, dyspnea | RML | 16.3 × 17.1 | 13 × 12 × 18 | Yes | Yes |
| 6 | Miniature Poodle | F | 1 | Vomiting, dyspnea | RLL | 14.6 × 12.1 | 30 × 18 × 15 | Yes | No |
| 7 | Shih-Tzu | CM | 11 | Anorexia for 1 week | RLL | 13.9 × 13.3 | 15 × 17 × 12 | -b) | No |
M, male; CM, castrated male; F, female; CVC, caudal vena cava; RML, right medial liver lobe; RLL, right lateral liver lobe; a) defect sizes were measured with computed tomography; b) hard to determine hepatic vein dilation because of multiple metastatic nodules.