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. 2016 Dec 6;7:464. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00464

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Copyright © 2016 Vijeepallam, Pandy, Kunasegaran, Murugan and Naidu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa (MMS) (50–500 mg/kg, p.o.) on cage climbing behavior and cage climbing time induced by apomorphine (APO 5 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. (A) Total time spent on the wall of the cage. (B) The cumulative climbing scores were measured for 30 min after apomorphine administration. (C) The climbing behavior was scored at 5 min interval after apomorphine treatment. Each point represents the mean ± SEM from the scores obtained from eight animals. Statistical significance: ^###p < 0.001 compared with the saline control group; ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the vehicle control (VEH) group.