Figure 2. Investigation of host mRNA, miRNA and protein expression levels during IAV and/or SP infection of MDMs or HAEC.

(a,b,c) THP-1 MDMs were infected with IAV (MOI = 1) for 4 h before SP (MOI = 1) was added. Total cellular mRNA (a) or miRNA (b) were extracted 24 h post-infection, reverse-transcribed and amplified using specific RT² profiler PCR Arrays. Major differentially expressed mRNA or miRNAs are shown. (c–e) THP-1 MDMs, primary human MDMs or primary airway epithelial cells (HAEC) were infected with IAV (MOI = 1) for 4 h before SP (MOI = 1) was added. The concentration of IP-10 in cell supernatant (24 h post-infection) was determined by a multiplex immunoassay on a FlexMap3D Luminex platform. Values represent mean ± SEM of four (c) biological replicates, four (d) independent experiments with different donors, three (e) biological replicates from one donor. Statistical analyses for each panel of experiments (c–e) were performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test (non-parametric, one-way ANOVA with Dunn’s post-hoc test); *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.