Table 1.
| Patient characteristics | NON-SEVERE PNEUMONIA n = 44 | SEVERE PNEUMONIA n = 30 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, months, median (IQR) | 13.5 | (6–26.7) | 14 | (8–28) | 0.78 |
| Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 9.4 | (7.5–12.2) | 10.5 | (8.3–12.5) | 0.41 |
| Gender, male | 20 | 45.5 | 24 | 80.0 | <0.01 |
| Clinical examination | |||||
| Axillary temperature, °C, median (IQR) | 37.6 | (36.8–38.3) | 37.9 | (37–38) | 0.56 |
| Breathing rate, cycles/min., median (IQR) | 49.5 | (44.2–56.7) | 56 | (48.8–64.5) | 0.02 |
| Cardiac rate, cycles/min., median (IQR) | 140.5 | (127.8–152.8) | 152.5 | (139.5–160.5) | 0.01 |
| Neutrophils, %, median (IQR) | 68 | (56.5–78) | 70 | (54.5–78.5) | 0.98 |
| Oxygen saturation, %, median (IQR) | 94 | (92–97.7) | 95 | (90–96) | 0.45 |
| Chest examination | |||||
| Cough, n (%) | 44 | 100 | 29 | 96.7 | 0.41 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 33 | 75.0 | 30 | 100.0 | <0.01 |
| Cyanosis, n (%) | 2 | 4.5 | 7 | 23.3 | 0.03 |
| Lower chest indrawing, n (%) | 28 | 63.6 | 29 | 96.7 | <0.001 |
| Dullness to percussion, n (%) | 3 | 6.8 | 12 | 40.0 | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary crackles, n (%) | 31 | 70.5 | 27 | 90.0 | 0.05 |
| Inability to drink, n (%) | 3 | 6.8 | 5 | 16.7 | 0.26 |
| Vomiting, n (%) | 6 | 13.6 | 5 | 16.7 | 0.75 |
| Prostration or lethargy, n (%) | 0 | 0.0 | 18 | 60.0 | <0.0001 |
| Convulsions, n (%) | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.3 | 0.41 |
| Chest radiography interpretation | |||||
| Pleural effusion with parenchymatous infiltrate, n (%) | 4 | 9.1 | 15 | 50.0 | <0.001 |
| Pleural effusion without parenchymatous infiltrate, n (%) | 1 | 2.3 | 3 | 10.0 | 0.30 |
| Generalized dense homogenous opacification, n (%) | 1 | 2.3 | 4 | 13.3 | 0.15 |
| Localized dense homogenous opacification, n (%) | 21 | 47.7 | 11 | 36.7 | 0.47 |
| Interstitial syndrome, n (%) | 19 | 43.2 | 8 | 26.7 | 0.22 |
| Alveolar infiltrate, n (%) | 6 | 13.6 | 1 | 3.3 | 0.23 |
| Pneumothorax, n (%) | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.00 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Heart condition, n (%) | 6 | 13.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.08 |
| Lung disease, n (%) | 12 | 27.3 | 9 | 30.0 | 0.80 |
| Tuberculosis, n (%) | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.00 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.00 |
| Contracted ILIa, n (%) | 14 | 31.8 | 15 | 50 | 0.15 |
| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, n (%) | 11 | 25.0 | 4 | 13.3 | 0.25 |
| DPT–Hep. B–Hib vaccine: 1 dose, n (%) | 28 | 63.6 | 22 | 73.3 | 0.45 |
| DPT–Hep. B - Hib vaccine: 3 doses, n (%) | 20 | 45.5 | 18 | 60.0 | 0.24 |
| Influenza A/H1N1 vaccine | 4 | 9.1 | 8 | 26.7 | 0.06 |
| Hospitalization follow-up | |||||
| Pneumonia complication, n (%) | 5 | 11.4 | 14 | 46.7 | <0.001 |
| Length of hospitalization, days, median (IQR) | 3 | (2–5) | 7 | (3.8–12.3) | <0.001 |
| Death, n (%) | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 6.7 | 0.16 |
aWithin the two previous weeks before study inclusion. Significant P values (<0.05) are in bold.