Table 2.

β₁-receptor agonists

	Adrenaline	Noradrenaline	Isoprenaline	Dobutamine	Dopamine
Species	Rat, dog	Cat, dog,	Rat, dog, rabbit, guinea pig	Dog, pig, rabbit, guinea pig	Dog, pig
Dosage (in vivo)	0.4 μg/kg/min – 4.2 μg/kg/min	0.2 μg/kg/min – 5.0 μg/kg/min	5.7 ng/kg/min – 1 μg/kg (bolus)	2.0 μg/kg/min – 30 μg/kg/min	2.0 μg/kg/min – 30 μg/kg/min
Administration	i.v. (in vivo studies), Retrograd coronary perfusion (in vitro studies)	i.v. (in vivo studies)	i.v. (in vivo studies), Retrograd coronary perfusion or in preparation solution (in vitro studies)	i.v. (in vivo studies), Retrograd coronary perfusion or in preparation solution (in vitro studies)	i.v. (in vivo studies)
Target temperature	12 °C–28 °C	28 °C–30 °C	20 °C–28 °C	22 °C–31 °C	25 °C–30 °C
Cardiac effect (hypothermia)	Elevated CO (low dose) [27, 34, 38]. Depressed CO (high dose) [21, 27, 34, 35, 37]. Negative inotropic effects (in vitro) [41, 42].	Increased contractile force [26, 45]. Depressed CO [40].	No effect on CO [50, 51]. Negative or depressed inotropic effect (in vitro) [52, 53]. Positive inotropic effects (in vitro) [22, 24, 54].	Elevated CO [38, 57]. Increased contraction velocity (in vitro) [24]. Reduced or depressed inotropic effect (in vitro) [56].	Elevated CO or positive inotropic effects [57, 61, 63]. No effect on CO [62, 63].