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. 2009 Mar 20;2(2):67–80. doi: 10.4021/gr2009.04.1283

Table 3. Medications that may potentiate GI bleeding (in alphabetical order).

Drug Half life Time of action Mechanism of action
Abciximab 0.7 hours (in alpha), 10 hours (in beta) 0.5-2.5 hours Nonspecific antagonist for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
Anagrelide hydrochloride 76 hours Long Reduction in platelet production resulting from a decrease in megakaryocyte.
Aspirin 0.25-19 hours (depends on dose) 0.5-5 hours Irreversibly acetylates and inactivates cyclooxygenase, and thereby inhibits platelet production of thromboxane A2.
Beraprost sodium 1 hour 0.5 hour Reversibly exacerbates adenylcyclase activation (reversible within 8 hours).
Clopidogrel 7-8 hours 2 hours Same with ticlopidine, but has less side effects such as severe neutropenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura than ticlopidine.
Cilostazol 11-13 hours 3-6 hours Inhibition of phosphoestrase (reversible within 48 hours).
Dilazep dihydrochloride 4 hours 0.5-1 hour Reversibly inhibits phosphoestrase.
Dipyridamole 1.7 hours 2-3 hours Reversibly inhibits phosphoestrase and inhibits uptake of adenosine.
Ethyl icosapentate < 24 hours Long Irreversibly inhibits thromboxane A2 production.
Heparin 0.5-2.5 hours Immediately Activates antithrombin III, accerelates the rate of inhibiting clotting enzymes, particulary thrombin and factor Xa.
Ifenprodil tartate 1.4 hour Short Inhibits binding to serotonin 5HT2 receptor.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents < 24 hours 0.5 hours Reversibly inhibit platelet cycloxygenase.
Ozagrel sodium 1.5 hour Short Inhibits enzymatic synthesis of thromboxane.
Sarpogrelate hydrochloride 0.7 hour 1.5 hour Reversibly inhibits binding to serotonin 5HT2 receptor as a selective antagonist.
Ticlopidine 12.6 hours 6 hours Irreversibly inhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate to platelet cell-surface adenosine diphosphate (P2) receptor, and the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
Tirofiban 1.5-3 hours 0.1 hour Specific antagonist for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor.
Trapidil 2-4 hours 0.5-2 hours Reversibly inhibits phosphoestrase, reversibly inhibits thromboxane A2 production.
Triflusal 0.5 hour 24 hours Inhibits platelet arachidonic acid metabolism.
Warfarin 36-42 hours 72-96 hours Prohibit the synthesis of Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor (II, VII, IX, X) in the liver Vitamin K is used as an antagonist.