Table 4. Summary on major differences between the East and West.

	East	West
Risk of embolism	Lower than the Westerners. Common form is cerebrovascular variety that may lead to death or disability.	Higher than the Easterners. Common form is cardiovascular variety including deep vein thrombosis.
Risk of bleeding	Higher than the Westeners due to different drug metabolism (greater body weight-normalized plasma unbound clearance of drug) and higher rate of H. pylori infection.	Lower than the Easterners. Tolerates well with low-risk endoscopic procedures during antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant medications.
Managing warfarin	Lower international normalized ratio value (1.6-2.6) than the Westerners are appropriate for prophylaxis of thromboembolism.	Tolerates well with low-risk procedures (endoscopic biopsy) without significant bleeding.
Managing aspirin	Lower dose is recommended than the Westerners due to higher risk of bleeding.	Tolerates well with few high-risk procedures (endoscopic sphincterotomy and colon polypectomy) without significant bleeding.