Table 3:
Prevalent medicinal plant for the management of hand eczema
| scientific name | Traditional name | part used in ITM | Current findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-inflammatory | Immunomodulatory | |||
| Apium graveolens L. | Karafs | Leaves | Ethanol-water extract of leaves exhibit anti-inflammatory (48). | |
| Bryonia dioica Jacq. | Fasherestin | Fruits | Triterpene glycosides of the roots of Bryonia dioica in mice showed anti-inflammatory effects, (49). | |
| Brassica oleracea L. | Karnab | Leaves | Cabbage juice exhibited anti-inflammatory via anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokine (50). | Suiforaphane stimulated humoral and cell mediated immune system with enhanced stem cell proliferation (51). |
| Brassica rapa L. | Shaljam | Leaves | Indole-containing fraction showed anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6.(52). | Different extract showed immunomodulatory activity in animal models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (53). |
| Convolvulus scammonia L. | Saghmunia | Dried juice of root | ||
| Delphinium staphisagria L. | Zabiboljabal | Fruits | Oral administration of alkaloids extracts of Delphinium staphisagria revealed paw volume in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and experimental traumatism in rats (54). | Prepared total and Protein extracts of the plant showed a significant immunostimulatory activity (55). |
| Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich. | Ghesaolhemar | Fruits | Fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium and its triterpenoid constituent, cucurbitacin B, in mice showed inhibition of edema (56). | Lymphocytes treated by Cucurbitacin E isolated showed cytotoxic enhancement against two human cancer cell lines (57). |
| Lagoecia cuminoides L. | gherdamana | Fruits | ||
| Lepidium sativum L. | Habolreshad | Seeds | Dietary supplementation of seed oil increased ALA, EPA and DHA levels in the membrane lipids of immunocompetent Cells. (58). | Prepared total and Protein extracts of the plant tested using showed a significant immunostimulatory activity (55). |
| Linum usitatissimum L. | Katan | Seeds | Fixed oil inhibited rat paw inflammation (59). | |
| Lawsonia inermis L. | Henna | Leaves | Methanol extract of leaves was effective in the lymphocyte transformation assay. (60) | |
| Moringa oleifera Lam. | baan | Seeds | Oral administration of the aqueous seed extract caused reduction in leukocyte migration. All of the doses tested showed effectiveness in reducing cell migration (61). | The production of the humoral antibody titer was significantly ameliorated by the ethanolic extract of seeds (62). |
| Melissa officinalis L. | Badranjbooyeh | Leaves | Pretreatment with Melissa officinalis L. Aqueous extract significantly reduced inflammagen-induced paw edema in rats (63). | |
| Nerium oleander L. | Defli | Leaves | Ethanolic extract of flowerers possess activity in carrageenan- induced hind paw edema in mice (64). | Aqueous extract of leaves showed immunomudalatory activity in rabbits (65). |
| Nigella sativa L. | Shuniz | Seeds | Seed oil and its main constituent, thymoquinine, were effective in vitro and in vivo models (66). | The immunomodulatory effect of seeds and involved mechanisms were gathered in a review article wrote by Salem (66). |
| Portulaca oleracea L. | Baghlatol-hamgha | Leaves | 10% ethanolic extract of aerial part inhibited inflammation in animal models (67). | |
| Rumex conglomeratus Murray. | Hommaaz | Root | ||
| Ricinus communis L. | karchak | Seeds | The methanolic extract of the Ricinuscommunis root possess significant anti-inflammatory activity (68). | The isolated compound of R. communis showed predominantly significant activity on human neutrophils (69). |
| Reum rhabarbarum L. | Ribas | Seeds | Aloe- emodin exhibit anti-inflammatory activity on cell line. (70). | |
| Strychnos Nux vomica L. | Azaraghi | Seeds | Brucine N-oxide showed stronger inhibitory effect than brucine in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (71). | S. nux-vomica showed suppressive activity on allergen-specific IgE antibody response (72). |
| Vitis vinifera L. | Enab | Fruits | That extract of Vitis vinifera was active against COX-I and COX-II (73) | Resveratrol, polyphenol found in grapes, can exert a dose-related regulatory effect on immune function (74) |
| Viola odorata L. | Banafsaj | Oil prepared from petals | Isolated polysaccharide inhibits inflammation in mice hind paw edema model (75). | |
| Zizyphus jujuba Mill. | Annab | Fruits, branches | Seed essential oil possesses anti-inflammatory effect on skin inflammation (76). |