Fig. 4.

Measures of emotional reactivity, expressed as the mean ± s.e.m. rates of vocalizations and escape attempts, during spatial orientation (Attempt 1 only) and spatial learning (Attempts 1–3) assessments as rams aged. At 8 weeks of age, all rams remained untreated, whereas at 27 and 41 weeks of age, GnRHa-treatment had been administered for 19 and 33 weeks respectively. Different letters on top of bars indicate significant differences between treatment group means, as determined by a Tukey post hoc test from a two-way ANOVA (Treatment × Attempt) at that particular age. Control: untreated rams; GnRHa: GnRHa-treated rams; GnRHa+T: GnRHa-treated rams that also received testosterone replacement.