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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin J Pain. 2017 Jan;33(1):28–36. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000371

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and MANCOVA results of pain and psychosocial functioning variables

Pain and disability*

New onset pain
M (SD)
Chronic pain
M (SD)
Healthy
M (SD)
F (2, 176) p η2

Pain Frequency 2.52 (1.26) 3.66 (.69) 1.10 (.72) 102.78 <.001 a,b .54
Pain Intensity (0–10 NRS) 4.95 (2.07) 6.32 (1.65) 2.93 (1.78) 44.54 <.001 a,b .34
Pain Bother 1.95 (.94) 2.56 (.84) 1.10 (.72) 42.39 <.001 a,b .33
Pain-Related Disability 15.54 (11.63) 26.51 (14.31) 4.76 (5.82) 50.49 <.001 a,b .37

Psychosocial functioning*

New onset pain
M (SD)
Chronic pain
M (SD)
Healthy
M (SD)
F (2, 154) p η2

Fear of Pain 22.22 (16.68) 42.73 (18.84) 17.83 (12.10) 27.79 <.001a .27
Depressive Symptoms 14.24 (12.03) 23.44 (13.91) 13.09 (10.14) 7.86 <.001a .09
Sleep Quality 3.96 (.58) 3.54 (.78) 4.13 (.69) 8.29 <.001a .10
Pain Catastrophizing – Trait 9.78 (8.27) 18.65 (10.67) 7.62 (5.50) 20.83 .001a .21
Pain Catastrophizing - State 13.55 (7.51) 15.48 (8.71) 12.80 (6.85) 0.77 0.47 .01

Laboratory pain variables*

New onset pain
M (SD)
Chronic pain
M (SD)
Healthy
M (SD)
F (2, 169) p η2

Cold Pressor Pain (0–10 NRS) 5.98 (2.01) 6.91 (2.11) 5.60 (2.13) 4.1 .02a .05
Pain Threshold - Baseline 45.59 (3.93) 43.13 (4.23) 44.09 (4.38) 6.63 .002a .07
Pain Threshold - Assessment 45.83 (3.72) 43.51 (3.90) 45.03 (3.57) 7.44 .001a .08
CPM Index 100.78 (6.61) 101.19 (6.66) 102.51 (6.40) 1.1 0.34 .01
*

Significant covariates: child age on pain-related disability (p=.007) and depressive symptoms (p=.001), baseline pain threshold (p = .002) and assessment pain threshold (p = .002); child sex on fear of pain (p = .005) and cold pressor pain (p = .02)

a

chronic pain group significantly different from new onset pain and healthy groups

b

new onset pain group significantly different from healthy group