Table 1.
Characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Botswana by HIV status, 2006 – 2013.
| Characteristic | All patients N = 588 | HIV-uninfected N = 180 | HIV-infected N = 408 | P value** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex* | Female | 265 (45.1%) | 84 (46.7%) | 181 (44.4%) | 0.687 |
| Male | 322 (54.9%) | 96 (53.3%) | 226 (55.5%) | ||
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 36 (29-47) | 32 (24-51) | 37 (31-45) | 0.019 | |
| Year of treatment initiation | 2006-2007 | 89 (15.1%) | 26 (14.4%) | 63 (15.4%) | 0.625 |
| 2008-2009 | 228 (38.8%) | 75 (41.7%) | 153 (37.5%) | ||
| 2010-2011 | 166 (28.2%) | 45 (25%) | 121 (29.7%) | ||
| 2012-2013 | 105 (17.9%) | 34 (18.9%) | 71 (17.4%) | ||
| Prior TB | No | 25 (4.3%) | 10 (5.6%) | 15 (3.7%) | 0.039 |
| Yes | 492 (83.7%) | 157 (87.2%) | 335 (82.1%) | ||
| Unknown | 71 (12.1%) | 13 (7.2%) | 58 (14.2%) | ||
| Site of Infection | Pulmonary | 388 (66%) | 122 (67.8%) | 266 (65.2%) | 0.697 |
| Extrapulmonary | 42 (7.1%) | 15 (8.3%) | 27 (6.6%) | ||
| Unknown | 158 (26.9%) | 43 (23.9%) | 115 (28.2%) | ||
| Baseline weight in kg, median (IQR) | 49.3 (42-56) | 49 (42-56) | 50 (42.7-57) | 0.709 | |
| Comorbidities | Yes | 71 (12.1%) | 22 (12.2%) | 49 (12.0%) | 1.000 |
| No | 350 (59.5%) | 111 (61.7%) | 239 (58.6%) | ||
| Unknown | 167 (28.4%) | 47 (26.1%) | 120 (29.4%) | ||
| Drug Resistance | Presumed MDR | 109 (18.5%) | 32 (17.8%) | 77 (18.9%) | 0.658 |
| MDR (no 2nd line DST done) | 285 (48.5%) | 93 (51.7%) | 192 (47.1%) | ||
| Confirmed MDR only | 138 (23.5%) | 40 (22.2%) | 98 (24.0%) | ||
| Pre-XDR | 47 (8.0%) | 14 (7.8%) | 33 (8.1%) | ||
| XDR | 9 (1.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | 8 (2.0%) | ||
| Anti-TB Drug Regimen | am-lfx-eto-cs-z¶ only | 217 (36.9%) | 67 (37.2%) | 150 (36.8%) | 0.090 |
| am-cfx-eto-cs-z‡ + other | 83 (14.1%) | 30 (16.7%) | 53 (13%) | ||
| am-lfx-eto-cs-z¥ + other | 65 (11.1%) | 25 (13.9%) | 40 (9.8%) | ||
| Other | 48 (8.2%) | 8 (4.4%) | 40 (9.8%) | ||
| Unknown | 175 (29.8%) | 50 (27.8%) | 125 (30.6%) | ||
| Outcome | Completed | 264 (44.9%) | 90 (50%) | 174 (42.6%) | 0.318 |
| Cured | 177 (30.1%) | 53 (29.4%) | 124 (30.4%) | ||
| Deceased | 118 (20.1%) | 28 (15.6%) | 90 (22.1%) | ||
| Failure | 5 (0.9%) | 2 (1.1%) | 3 (0.7%) | ||
| Loss to follow-up | 24 (4.1%) | 7 (3.9%) | 17 (4.2%) | ||
| ART administered | Yes | 351 (86.0%) | |||
| No | 24 (5.9%) | ||||
| Unknown | 33 (8.1%) | ||||
| On ART before TB treatment initiation | Yes | 208 (51.0%) | |||
| No | 79 (19.4%) | ||||
| Unknown | 121 (29.7%) | ||||
| Baseline CD4+ T cell count, cells/mm3, median (IQR)1 | 234 (124-379) | ||||
| Baseline CD4+ T cell categories, cells/mm3 | <100 | 48 (11.8%) | |||
| 100 - 199 | 64 (15.7%) | ||||
| 200 - 349 | 77 (18.9%) | ||||
| ≥350 | 78 (19.1%) | ||||
| Unknown | 141 (34.6%) | ||||
| ART regimen*** | First line | 236 (57.8%) | |||
| Second line | 24 (5.9%) | ||||
| Not on ART | 24 (5.9%) | ||||
| Unknown | 124 (30.4%) |
Sex unknown for one patient
Based on the X2 –test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables
CD4+ T cell counts were unknown for 141 patients
Amikacin-Levofloxacin-ethionamide-cycloserine-pyrazinamide only
Amikacin-Ciprofloxacin-ethionamide-cycloserine-pyrazinamide + other second-line drugs
Amikacin-Levofloxacin-ethionamide-cycloserine-pyrazinamide + other second-line drugs
First line ART regimens were primarily: Tenofovir-Emtricitabine-Nevirapine, Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Efaviranz, Tenofovir-Emtricitabine-Efaviranz, or Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine
IQR = interquartile range; ART = antiretroviral therapy; TB = tuberculosis